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Scientific References

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30: Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1998;228:38-46, Feher J, Lengyel G, Blazovics A.  National Institute of Internal Medicine, 2nd Dept. of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. FEHER@bel2.sote.hu, Oxidative stress in the liver and biliary tract diseases.

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36: Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2000 Oct-Dec;63(4):366-70.  Schuppan D, Koda M, Bauer M, Hahn EG., Medizinische Klinik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany. 
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38: J Forensic Sci 2001 May;46(3):502-9, Reilly CA, Crouch DJ, Yost GS. Center for Human Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA. Quantitative analysis of capsaicinoids in fresh peppers, oleoresin capsicum and pepper spray products.

39: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000 Feb;62(2):107-10, Shobana S, Naidu KA. Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. Antioxidant activity of selected Indian spices.

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The effect of capsaicin on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and insulin binding in dog models.
Capsicum frutescens has been used to treat diabetes mellitus by traditional healers in Jamaica. In conclusion it can be stated that capsaicin is responsible for the hypoglycaemic episodes seen in the dogs and that it also causes an increase in insulin secretion which leads to a reduction of insulin binding on the insulin receptors. 

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Capsaicin-induced apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 hepatocarcinoma cells involves Bcl-2 downregulation and caspase-3 activation. Korean researchers found that capsaicin caused cancerous liver cells (hepatocarcinoma cells) to die through a process called apoptosis.  They believed that red pepper could be useful as a preventative agent for liver cancer.

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